soft c /s/ ice

c sounds like /s/ before e, i or y
cycle, city, dance, nice

soft g /j/ magic

g sounds like /j/ before e, i or y
magic, cage, giant, gym

Is the bird really in the cage or is it magic?

This fun optical trick is called a thaumatrope and is easy to make at home. Usually g makes a hard sound like in “go”, but when there’s an e, i and y directly following the g, it magically becomes soft, like j. It’s magic.

dge /j/ (like soft g)

use the longer spelling after a short vowel (age, judge)